fa میکروب شناسی بالینی Clinical Microbiology مقاله پژوهشی Original Research Article <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Background: </strong>In recent years, three new aminoglycoside resistance genes such as <em>aph</em> (3ʹ)-<em>IIIa</em> and <em>ant</em> (4ʹ)-<em>Ia</em>, that encode for the <em>APH</em> (3ʹ) and <em>ANT</em> (4ʹ) have also been identified. The aim of this study was to come up with a multiplex-PCR procedure for detection of <em>aac(6ʹ)-Ie&ndash;aph(2ʹʹ)-Ia, aph(3ʹ)-IIIa, ant(4ʹ)-Ia </em>genes in the <em>Enterococcus spp. </em>clinical isolates.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Material and Method: </strong>100 samples were isolated from various specimens, from various hospitals in Tehran, Iran. The grown colonies were identified by standard biochemical and disc diffusion tests. Multiplex-PCR for <em>aac (6&rsquo;)-Ie -aph(2&rsquo;&rsquo;)-Ia , aph(3ʹ)-IIIa, ant(4ʹ)-Ia </em>genes amplification were performed in order to confirm bacterial colonies as <em>Enterococcus spp</em>.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Results: </strong>Eighty four (84%) <em>Enterococcus </em>spp<em>. </em>isolates were collected from the 100 specimens. The highest and lowest isolates were related to urine (48%) and sputum (2%). Antibiotic susceptibility test results showed that the highest and lowest resistance was related to tetracycline and nitrofurantoin, respectively. Multiplex PCR results revealed that <em>aac (6ʹ)-Ie-aph (2ʹʹ)-Ia</em>, <em>ant</em> (4ʹ)-<em>Ia</em> and <em>aph (3ʹ)-IIIa </em>genes were present in 6% of the isolated bacteria from the urine, 2% from the wound and 1% from the pleural samples. the <em>aac (6ʹ)-Ie-aph (2ʹʹ)-Ia</em> and <em>aph (3ʹ)-IIIa </em>genes were present in 25% of the isolated strains from the urine, 3% from the wound and 2% from the plural specimens. Nine percent of the strains were isolated from the urine, 3% from the wound and 1% from the plural were positive for <em>aac</em> (6ʹ)-<em>Ie</em>-<em>aph</em> (2ʹʹ)-<em>Ia </em>and<em> ant (</em>4ʹ<em>)-Ia </em>genes.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusion: </strong>we had observed enterococci isolates with phenotypic resistance to HLAR and demonstrated aac(6&prime;)-Ie-aph(2&prime;&prime;)-Ia and aph(3&prime;)-IIIa genes more frequently occurring than other genes. A collection of AMEs are accountable for HLAR status among <em>Enterococcus</em> species. The <em>aac (6ʹ)-Ie-aph (2ʹʹ)-Ia</em> gene was detected more frequently than the other genes.</p> Enterococcus spp., Antimicrobial Drug Resistance, Multiplex-PCR 68 76 http://modernmedlab.com/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-26&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Bahar Ramin 10031947532846001587 10031947532846001587 No Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Rasht Science and Research Branch, Rasht, IR Iran Leyla Asadpour 10031947532846001588 10031947532846001588 No Department of veterinary science, Islamic Azad university, Rasht Science and Research Branch, Rasht, IR Iran Homa Forouhesh Tehrani 10031947532846001589 10031947532846001589 No Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, IR Iran Nour Amirmozafari 10031947532846001590 10031947532846001590 Yes Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, IR Iran