Modern Medical Laboratory Journal

Breast cancer is the most common cancer globally with around 2.3 million new cases every year. It represents one in eight cancer cases in both sexes and a quarter of all cancers in women1 with 70% mortality occurring in resource constrained settings. Health system barriers and patient level factors with low levels of awareness and knowledge are contributing to low uptake of early detection services, with resultant late-stage diagnoses and poor outcomes. In many resource-constrained settings, breast cancer affects a relatively younger population significantly contributing to premature mortality and maternal orphans. Despite being highly treatable when detected early, breast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women. The mortality rate is higher in low- and middle-income countries due to limited access to early detection and treatment services.

reventing breast cancer involves a combination of lifestyle changes and regular health screenings. Here are some key strategies:

• Healthy Diet: Eating a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains can help maintain a healthy weight and reduce cancer risk.
• Regular Exercise: Engaging in at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic activity or 75 minutes of vigorous activity each week can reduce risk.
• Limit Alcohol: Limiting alcohol intake to one drink per day or less can decrease breast cancer risk.
• Avoid Smoking: Not smoking or quitting smoking reduces the risk of many cancers, including breast cancer.
• Breastfeeding: For mothers, breastfeeding for several months may slightly lower breast cancer risk.

The Importance of Early Detection

Early detection of breast cancer greatly increases the chances of successful treatment and survival. Key points include:

• Mammograms: Regular mammograms can detect breast cancer early, often before any symptoms appear. Women aged 40 and above are typically recommended to have annual screenings.
• Self-Exams: Monthly breast self-exams help women to be familiar with their breasts, enabling them to notice changes and seek medical advice promptly.
• Professional Exams: Regular clinical breast exams by healthcare providers complement self-exams and mammograms.

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