Modern Medical Laboratory Journal

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most prevalent type of primary liver cancer, poses a significant global health challenge. This malignancy typically arises in the hepatocytes of the liver and is often associated with chronic liver disease. Several risk factors contribute to the development of HCC, including chronic hepatitis B and C infections, alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and cirrhosis, which result from various etiologies. The key to managing HCC lies in early detection and intervention. While treatments vary based on the stage and severity of the disease, options include surgical resection, liver transplantation, radiofrequency ablation, transarterial chemoembolization, and systemic therapies like sorafenib and immunotherapies. As research into the molecular mechanisms of HCC advances, targeted therapies are emerging, offering new hope for more effective treatment options. The comprehensive approach to HCC, combining prevention, risk factor management, early diagnosis, and a range of therapeutic modalities, is crucial in addressing this formidable cancer and improving patient outcomes.
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